What Exactly Does PTSD Do to the Brain

What Exactly Does PTSD Do to the Brain PTSD Causes Print How Trauma and PTSD Impact the Brain By Erin Maynard facebook Erin Maynard is a writer, president of PTSD Survivors of America, and a passionate advocate for people living with PTSD. Learn about our editorial policy Erin Maynard Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 13, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 13, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Martin Dimitrov / Getty Images Trauma can impact people in a variety of ways and can even have a lasting impact on the brain. In some cases, it can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that results in improper processing and storage of traumatic memories. Because of the way these memories are stored, people with PTSD exhibit symptoms such as recurrent memories regarding the event; traumatic nightmares; dissociative flashbacks; hypervigilance; engaging in risk-taking behavior; and an exaggerated startle response.?? Not all people with PTSD experience the same symptoms or have the exact same pattern of brain changes. However, researchers have been able to use neuroimaging techniques to look at some of the different areas of the brain that play a role in the development of the condition. The National Institute of Mental Health reports that an estimated 3.6% of U.S. adults had PTSD in the past year. Approximately 6.8% of all adults will experience this condition at some point in their lives.?? Parts of the Brain Impacted by PTSD Certain structures of the brain are closely related to some of the symptoms of PTSD. These structures include the amygdala and hippocampus (which are part of the limbic system); several parts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)??; the mid-anterior cingulate cortex and the right inferior frontal gyrus. PTSD causes the hyper-activation of some brain structures while other areas become hypoactive. Both the amygdala and the mid-anterior cingulate cortex become over-stimulated when a person has PTSD. However, the hippocampus, right inferior frontal gyrus, ventromedial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, and orbitofrontal cortex all become hypoactive, some to the point of atrophy. The Amygdala The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped region of the brain that plays a role in several functions, including: Some mating functionsThe assessment of threat-related stimuli (i.e., assessing what in the environment is considered a danger)The formation and storage of emotional memoriesFear conditioningMemory consolidation The Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an area of the brain found in the frontal lobe. This region of the brain plays an important part in PTSD. Some of the key functions of the prefrontal cortex include: Emotional regulationInitiating voluntary, conscious behaviorsRegulating attentionDecision-makingInterpreting emotions The ventromedial PFC helps suppress negative emotions, as well as playing a role in personal and social decision-making. It also plays a major role in the latter part of memory consolidation, as well as regulating extinctionâ€"the weakening and eventual dissipation of a conditioned response. The dorsolateral PFC modulates decision making and working memory. Working memory actively holds transitory information before it becomes part of the long-term memory during memory consolidation. The orbitofrontal cortex, one of the least understood parts of the brain, seems to be involved in sensory integration and signaling expected rewards and/or punishments in a given situation. It also modulates emotion and decision making. As a whole, the prefrontal cortex is interconnected to many brain functions, including memory consolidation and regulating slow-wave sleep (non-REM sleep, referred to as deep sleep).?? The Mid-Anterior Cingulate Cortex The primary function of the mid-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is to monitor conflict. The ACC also plays a role in: Emotional awareness (particularly empathy)Registering physical painRegulating autonomic functions like heart rate and blood pressure Research has found that decreases in cortical thickness in the ACC are linked to increased PTSD symptoms.?? The Hippocampus The hippocampus helps regulate smell, spatial coding, and memory. More specifically, the hippocampus helps store long-term memories, basically helping to decide what goes from being a short-term memory to what becomes a long-term memory. This process of turning short-term memory into long-term memory is what is referred to as memory consolidation. Damage to the hippocampus can also release excess cortisol (a stress hormone).?? The Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus The right inferior frontal gyrus is involved in modulating risk aversion. Studies show that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of this brain region may  reduce some risk-taking behavior.?? The Brains Response to Trauma When your brain identifies some type of threat, the amygdala is responsible for initiating a fast, automatic reaction known as the fight-or-flight response. Think of the amygdala as the alarm that sounds when something poses a danger. This alarm prepares your body to respond, either by dealing with or getting away from the threat.   The amygdala also communicates with other areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus, which then releases the stress hormone cortisol. It is the brains prefrontal cortex that must then assess the source of the threat and determine if the body needs to stay on high alert to deal with the threat or if the brain needs to begin calming down the body. The prefrontal cortex acts as a braking system that helps return your body to a normal state when you realize that the threat doesnt pose a danger or after the threat has passed. When people have symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, the amygdala becomes hyperactive while the medial prefrontal cortex becomes hypoactive. In other words, the part of the brain that triggers a fight-or-flight response responds too strongly, often in a way that is disproportionate to the danger posed by the threat. At the same time, the part of the brain responsible for calming this reaction does not work well enough. How the Fight-or-Flight Response Works The Consequences of Trauma When examining the functions of the various structures of the brain, the correlation between a change in those structures’ activity levels and some PTSD symptoms becomes clearer. Hypervigilance The over-activity of the amygdala presents as symptoms of hypervigilance and the exaggerated startle response.?? Because the amygdala overreacts, norepinephrine is released but then not adequately controlled or dealt with by the prefrontal cortex. As a result, people with PTSD experience symptoms of hypervigilance. They become overly aroused and are on high alert, which can make it hard to relax and to sleep. A person may feel that they are always tense and even small triggers can lead to react as if they are facing or re-experiencing their original trauma. Distorted Recall The hippocampus is involved in explicit memory processes and in the encoding of context during fear conditioning. When the hippocampus fails to function optimally, it impacts the way a person remembers and recalls memories, especially memories that contain a fear elementâ€"such as those related to trauma.?? In terms of PTSD symptoms, this results in: Recurrent memories regarding the eventDistorted negative beliefsDissociative flashbacks Impulsive Behavior Changes to the right inferior frontal gyrus help to explain why people with PTSD may suddenly engage in high-risk activities. Research has found that reduced cortical thickness in certain areas of the brain associated with emotional regulation and response inhibition, including the right frontal gyrus, is linked to impulse control problems in PTSD.?? A Word From Verywell When thoroughly examining the relationship between brain function and a persons symptoms, it becomes easier to understand many of the complex manifestations of PTSD. Although understanding the brain in this way may not provide direct symptomatic relief to someone living with PTSD,  it can be helpful in understanding why the symptoms are happening and, in turn, help the medical community continue to develop more effective interventions. Coping With PTSD

Career Internship At Jackson Hewitt - 1954 Words

I was so excited to get a call back from Jackson Hewitt about starting my part-time internship in the Spring with them. In order to graduate in December, I had to continue to take a full course load of classes this semester. Therefore, I was happy I could find something locally in Tuscaloosa so that I could take classes at the same time while working part-time. It was tough at first managing my five classes, work-study, and internship all in one semester but I managed to pull through it successfully. With that being said, my internship at Jackson Hewitt was a success and I learned many wonderful things that could potentially benefit my future career. John Hewitt founded Jackson Hewitt in 1982. It is the second largest tax-preparation service in the United States. They are responsible for preparing over 2.5 million computerized federal, state, and local individual tax returns each year. The company operates more than 6800 franchises throughout the United States, including nearly 3000 located in Walmart stores. They are also known for offering free electronic filing, tax preparation training, and tax audit representation. I submitted my resume through Crimson Careers for the internship in September 2015. I had gotten an email and call about coming to Jackson Hewitt’s open house if I was still interested. I attended the event, and the managers were demonstrating the things I would expect out of an internship with them. They explained the process of the internship and benefits IShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthree dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an interface. Discuss why ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career field. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success More effective management of human resources (HR) increasingly is being seen as positively affecting performance in organizations, both largeRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 12—Other Issues in Human Resource Management . . . 267 Human Resources Policies and Procedures . . . . . . . . . 268 Career Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Plateauing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Mentoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Health and SafetyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDeveloping, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implicati ons for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women 61 Questions for Review 62 Experiential Exercise FeelingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesbooks, Marketing Fundamentals, Retailing, Sales Management, and Marketing Research, followed. In 1976 the first Marketing Mistakes book was published and brought a new approach to case studies, making them student-friendly and more relevant to career enhancement than existing books. In 1983, Management Mistakes was published. These books are now in the eleventh and ninth editions, respectively, and have been widely translated. In 1992 Professor Hartley wrote Business Ethics: Violations of

The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs - 986 Words

â€Å"No pen can give an adequate description of the all-pervading corruption produced by slavery.† Harriet Jacobs through her narrator Linda Brent reveals why she has chosen to share the story of her life in bondage. In her book, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Jacobs’ recounts the hardships she endured and those she encountered throughout her life in slavery. In the of her book Jacobs’ wrote she states, â€Å"†¦I do earnestly desire to arouse the women of the North to a realizing sense of the condition of two millions of women at the South†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in this way she clearly identifies her audience and her reason for sharing her story. Harriet Jacobs composed her narrative in a way that would influence the Christian Anglo women of the 1800’s. Linda Brent shares the recount of her life in slavery in first person. 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Top Choices of Essay Topics Argument

Top Choices of Essay Topics Argument In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. Some folks might believe that the fantastic content could possibly be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. One particular important and appropriate subject is technology. It is preferable to prevent topics that are overdone. When writing a crucial composition, it's a good idea to pick contradictive topics. Now you're ready to produce your very own argumentative topics. There are a few great topics to think about when picking a topic for your argumentative essay. Life After Essay Topics Argument In fact, this kind of argument is targeted at finding common ground. You have to come across decent evidence to back up your ideas together with examples to illu strate the evidence. Make certain you can support whatever you say with clear and concrete evidence, and your claims are going to be a great deal stronger! After picking your subject, you have to have the five kinds of arguments at the rear of your head throughout your writing. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential point to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. Special attention ought to be paid to the introduction of a strong argument. You will need to develop a great argument, which encompasses not just your principal point, but also all the pieces which make this up. It is simple to get carried away and attempt to enumerate all the logical inconsistencies in the paragraph. The second sentence should offer your reasoning. Essay Topics Argument and Essay Topics Argument - The Perfect Combination There is a broad scope of topics readily available, from arguments on how to handle your own health to arguments on the way the entire healthcare system needs to be improved. The dearth of superior support sources will end in a decrease grade. If you wish to turn to important topics that impact the whole of society, social issues are really an inexhaustible field. Deciding upon an effortless topic may prove to be an incorrect track because you might have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. What's the Iron Lady's role on earth history. Pay attention that the subject of your paper is supposed to be exhausted enough to demonstrate the readers what they are likely to meet inside. It's not sufficient to pick a topic which everybody agrees on. The topic ought to be such a one you will have the ability to elaborate. Essay Topics Argument - Dead or Alive? It is not easy to write a great essay if you aren't interested in studying a chosen subject deeply. Study them and find that one you'd be interested in. In high school and middle school, you aren't necessarily predicted to compose large, serious argument essays. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. A student should realize that the topic isn't self-explanatory. Many students know it is not simple to effectively develop an argumentative topic. Facts, Fiction and Essay Topics Argument An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Argumentative writings is a particular sort of a paper. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. If so, Harvard format is the thing to do. There are various formats of essays and one need to understand the differences amongst them.

Modern Medias Representation of African-Americans Essay Example

Modern Medias Representation of African-Americans Essay 5.4.2 Study Question Two Are there significant implications of the perceptions created by the media about African American men on how African American men are treated by the police? The cases reviewed in the research report bring to the fore multiple instances of profiling of African American men based on the stereotype that if flaunted in the media particularly branding the Black man as violent, aggressive, and dangerous. Moreover, reporting on incidences of crime are centred more on populous African American neighbourhoods; hence, creating a perception of crime as a characteristic of conduct among African American people.Sentiments by Dixon (2000) advance that the traditional media, in particular, has made it a habit to headline news that involves criminal behaviour or occurrences where Black men are involved. Moreover, prominence is given to crime stories that revolve around the engagement of African American men that any other news features including politics or human interest issues. As such, the traditional media has over the years desensitised the audiences with regards to having a sense of humanity towards African Americans. Black men in particular are s uspected of ulterior motives at the slightest of suggestion that their demeanour alludes to criminality of some form. The result has been that police officers scavenge for African American criminals in their neighbourhoods with the intention of clamping down on criminal activities. However, the notion that all Black men are involved in criminal acts is misconstrued since African American men are stereotyped as to either deal in drug peddling or involves in armed robbery and gun violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Medias Representation of African-Americans specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Medias Representation of African-Americans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Medias Representation of African-Americans specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To answer the research question, yes indeed, African American portrayals in media especially traditional media where the negativity is magnified has had the impact of straining relations between African American men and law enforcement agencies that include police officers who are deployed in neighbourhoods where Black people live to maintain order and tranquillity. As such, police officers enter the neighbourhood under the thought or mind-set that the neighbourhood is thronging with criminals. Consequently, even the slightest of confrontations turns violent and extremely graphic to the extent that attitude of police officers about African American men is one that makes them shoot first and ask questions later(Dixon, 2000). Such a perception of a hoodie wearing, big bodied African American male have had law enforcement prepared to engage any large African American male forcibly regardless of their innocence. Examples as presented in this paper include the case of Eric Garner and Mich ael Brown both of whom were huge in size while Tamir Rice appeared to have worn a hoodie attributes that were pointed out in news reports as appearing dangerous to law enforcement. 5.4.3 Research Question Three What are the far reaching implications of the stereotypes created by the media about African American men in their social lives? In answering this question, the study finds that stories of people like Freddie Gray are depictive of the everyday challenges that African American men have to endure owing to the criminal branding that people of colour have had to contend with. In a neighbourhood where the rate of incarcerations exceeds the average rate, many young Black men have a criminal record and; hence, have difficulty gaining formal employment or financial aid to further their education. Moreover, the law in many states locks people with criminal records out of the bracket of eligibility for credit lending by banks. As a consequence, the community has had to endure a viscous cycle of crime waves where the main premise of survival in their livelihoods depends on doing something that is illegal in the eyes of the law(Maneri Wal, 2005). Ultimately, generations of men in the majority African American communities have to struggle from meal to meal on a daily basis. Crime has ultimately become a debacle that Afric an American community members cannot seem to rid of due to the limited alternative opportunities that are available to them for exploitation. Hence, the far reaching consequences as associated with police brutality against African American males has been that African American males convicted of crimes are unable to engage in socioeconomic development for self-improvement. Hence, once an individual has a criminal record, they are unable to get a job or earn a decent living which only leaves them with the option of crime as the only resort to etching a livelihood. Years and centuries of racial profiling of African Americans has historically disenfranchised them from achieving means of self-development; hence, disadvantaging African-Americans who resort to unorthodox means to gain a status of equality with White Americans. 5.4.4 Research Question Four What are the factors that determine the angle or approach taken by either traditional or modern forms of media with respect to the portrayal of African American men in media? Based on the analysis of the research findings, the determinants of medias take on issues pertaining to African American mens presentations lies in historical and economic factors. First, history of Black people as thoroughly discussed in Chapter 2 of the research report reveals suffering from the age of slavery through to present day modern Jim Crow situation. As such, disenfranchisement of African Americans over the years has made it impossible for African Americans to exert influence especially in the running of media houses. In that regard, African Americans do not own majority share rights in the ownership of traditional media companies such as FOX News, The Washington Post, and The New York Times, among many others that primarily comprise the definition of Old Media. Consequently, the White dominated media houses serve interests of the majority White populous while neglecting the needs and rights of African American minorities. The resultant implication is the suffering of Afri can American men who are negatively portrayed in Old Media. The converse holds in the case of New Media. As such, New Media liberates minorities from gagging, censorship and editing that is rampant in White owned Conventional Medial outlets. As such, social media sites that include Facebook and Twitter that have been extensively investigated in this research report present avenues for self-expression that is devoid of White populist influence. To that extent, a more accurate representation of African American men in New Media is evident in comparison to the inaccuracies that are characteristic of representations in Old Media. Moreover, New Media platforms offer people personalised space where people can share their ideas freely. Before the advent of the internet and social media sites, information was sanctioned based on editing and censorship done by media houses. However, in the age of Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, civilians can use phone cameras to record happenings as they unfold and immediately upload the same on the internet for peopl e to view and make informed judgments on their own. Conspicuously, many of the cases covered in this research paper under Chapter 4s research results include instances where witnesses took recordings of the police actions of brutality as they unfolded. To that extent, the New Media is liberating in that it allows people to focus on what they find important which explains the success that #Black Lives Matter movement has managed to achieve in rallying people behind the cause using social media(Freelon, The Measure of a Movement: Quantifying Black Lives Matters Social Media Power, 2016). 5.4.5 Research Question Five What alternative progressive options exist in media towards shaping perceptions of African American males that would lead to an end of violent confrontation between police officers and African American suspects? The question on whether racism exists in the United States is one that at best is rhetorical. Equally, the question on whether police brutality is an issue in American society is also one that is obviously true. In that respect, the final research question seeks to answer the query on how far or to what extent does racism ad police brutality inform the fabric of American society. How can the tensions between African American males and predominantly White male police officers be addressed? More importantly, what solutions lie in the portrayal of African American men by the media in positive juxtapositions as opposed to the negative portrayals that persist? The solution to addressing the challenge that is racial profiling of African American males by White police officers lies in representation. More so, the representation of African American men by the media has a key role to play in changing the mind set of not only the police, but also White Americans and Black Americans at large as key components in the divide that is the debacle of police brutality.;;According to Okoronkwo (2008) the issue of racial profiling of Black people by White police officers has historical roots in the struggle for emancipation of Africans from the chains of slavery. As such, the king of racism where police officers use their power and privilege to discriminate justice against African Americans is a betrayal of their sworn oath to protect and serve all citizens without fear or favour regardless of the colour of their skin. Nonetheless, it is an undeniable fact that crime rates among American youth of African American race is skyrocketing, hence, the moral panic that is seen in the media especially traditional media is to some extent justified. However, the nature of exaggerated fear of African American males has with it escalated tensions and made the public or audiences warier and afraid of African American men.;;The sensational nature of traditional media reporting on African American crime has entrenched a belief among audiences that Black men are at the very least dangerous if not hard core criminals. The fear created by the media;s representation of African Americans has led to public perception of African American men as people who are violent and provocative to say the least. The ramifications of the study reveals that the media has to change the negative portrayals of Black men so as to prep the public in accepting African American men as human beings before making prejudgments that they are su spects of crime;(Okoronkwo, 2008). To that extent, law enforcement, the legislature, and the general public must work together with members of the media to churn the way forward as regards the portrayal of African American men. Responsible reporting in media should give African American men fair representation. Equally, and by extension, African American people must work towards changing the perceptions and stereotypes that are a popular notion and that negatively shape the thoughts of the American public about Black communities. All parties must; hence, get involved in championing different efforts or initiatives geared towards using the media as an avenue for positive representation of African American men. More so, African American men in crime thronged neighbourhoods should make decisive steps towards reform. Engaging young Black men in economic generating activities that provide them with a means to survival will give such people an alternative to criminal behaviour. In general, the media and the society both hav e a role to play, where the former must focus more on the positive aspects of Black American men while the latter means that African American men should abandon criminality so as to convince the public of positive stereotypes that are representative of African American men. ;

Commonly Asked Questions About Continents

Commonly Asked Questions About Continents Many people wonder which continent houses certain countries or locales. The seven continents  are  Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Those places that  are not part of a continent can be included as part of a region of the world.  Here are some of the most frequent questions.   Some Commonly  Asked Continent Questions Is Greenland Part of Europe? Greenland is part of North America even though it is a territory of Denmark (which is in Europe). Which Continent Does the  North Pole Belong to? None. The North Pole is in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. Which Continents Does the Prime  Meridian Cross? The prime meridian runs through Europe, Africa, and Antarctica. Does the International Date Line Hit Any Continents? The international date line runs only through Antarctica. How Many Continents Does The Equator Pass Through? The equator passes through South America, Africa,  and Asia. Where is the Deepest Point on Land? The deepest point on land is the Dead Sea, located on the border of Israel and Jordan in Asia. On Which Continent is Egypt? Egypt is mostly part of Africa, although the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt is part of Asia. Are Islands Such as New Zealand, Hawaii, and the Islands of the Caribbean Part of Continents? New Zealand is an oceanic island far from a continent, and thus, it is not on a continent but is often considered to be part of the Australia and Oceania region. Hawaii is not on a continent, as it is an island chain far from a land mass. The Caribbean islands likewise- they are considered part of the geographic region known as North America or Latin America. Is Central America a Part of North or South America? The border between Panama and Colombia is the border between North America and South America, so Panama and countries to the north are in North America, and Colombia and countries south are in South America. Is Turkey Considered in Europe or Asia? Although most of Turkey lies geographically in Asia (the Anatolian Peninsula is Asian), far western Turkey lies in Europe. Continent Facts Africa Africa covers about 20 percent of the total land mass on planet Earth. Antarctica The ice sheet covering Antarctica amounts to about 90 percent of the Earths total ice. Asia The huge continent of Asia has both the highest points on Earth and the lowest. Australia Australia is home to more species than any developed country, and most of them are endemic, meaning that they arent found anywhere else. Thus, it also has the worst species extinction rate. Europe Britain separated from continental Europe only about 10,000 years ago.   North America North America extends from the Arctic Circle at the north all the way to the equator at the south. South America South Americas Amazon River, the second longest river in the world, is the greatest in volume of water moved. The Amazon Rainforest, sometimes called the lungs of the Earth, produces about 20 percent of the worlds oxygen.

8 Most Important Updates for You to Know on LinkedIn †March 2016

8 Most Important Updates for You to Know on LinkedIn – March 2016 It’s hard to believe 6 months have passed since my last  What’s New on LinkedIn update in October 2015. There are a bunch of updates I want you to know about. They may have passed across your inbox, and you might have taken note, or you might not have paid attention. This summary should be all you need to make sure you’re on top of the current features on LinkedIn! Managing your settings – coming soon The â€Å"Privacy Settings† menu is soon going to be easier to navigate. All settings will be categorized into three groups: Account, Privacy and Communications. It will look something like this: Connection suggestions – coming soon LinkedIn will be suggesting more connections to you based on who has you in the contacts they’ve uploaded to LinkedIn. You will also have more control over who sees you as a suggested connection. Here’s what one of those suggestions will look like: Reminder: You can send customized messages via mobile! I mentioned this in my October update and it’s worth addressing again. Be careful when you send invitations via your mobile device. Do NOT click on â€Å"Connect† – you need to find the â€Å"Menu† or â€Å"More† button on an Android or the â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on an iPhone. Here’s what that looks like on an iPhone: Next you’ll get a â€Å"Customize invite† option: Click on â€Å"Customize invite† and write your message. Your connections will appreciate you for treating them like human beings not robots. More mobile application changes LinkedIn rolled out a new and improved mobile app in December. You should now be having a better experience with its new 5 core areas, Your Feed (Home), Me, My Network, Messaging, and Search. For more info see Our New LinkedIn App is Here! Making it Easier than Ever to Stay In Touch with the People and Information you Need to be Successful. Insights on LinkedIn job postings LinkedIn has made it easier to find background information about jobs that interest you. Enjoy discovering †¦ What connections you have at a company: Who will work with you if you get the job: Hiring trends at the company (for premium subscribers): This data puts you as a job seeker in a powerful position to understand your viability as a potential employee and to connect with the right people at the organization. Snagajob LinkedIn is providing more resources for hourly jobseekers through Snagajob. One significant implication of this partnership is that having a LinkedIn profile will become important for a wider audience. Snagajob subscribers will also get a 1-month free subscription to Lynda.com where they can take courses to acquire important skills for their profession. Inbox Messaging Honestly, LinkedIn’s Updated Messaging Features have been driving me and many people I know up a wall. Old messages are vanishing like hotcakes. I’m hoping LinkedIn will fix this soon! Introductions In October I highlighted problems with the Request an introduction feature on LinkedIn. I’m happy to report that it is now working properly! If you want to be introduced to a second degree connection, go to your mutual connection’s profile page and look on the right hand side for the â€Å"How You’re Connected† section. Click on â€Å"Get introduced† to be taken to a pre-populated messaging template that can be customized as needed. Enjoy expanding your network with this now functional feature! OK savvy LinkedIn users, have fun with all these changes. As soon as you get used to this bunch, there will be more. And if you have questions about any of these changes or others you are noticing, let me know and I’ll do my best to address them in future blogs and e-book editions!