Pessimism…just another form of reality? Essay

A glass is partially filled with water. Is it half empty†¦or is it half full? The day you forget to pack your umbrella just happens to be the one and only day that the weathermen had not expected the torrential downpours that have just made you look like a bedraggled water rat. Do you full and well accept the fact that, that would have happened and you continue to berate yourself for forgetting your umbrella†¦or do you continue on the day with the thought that nothing could have been worse and the fact that rain is only just a bit of water? I am a natural born pessimistic who always expects the worse in any situation, no matter how positive the horizon may look. I look at life as if it were just an amalgamation of wires all leading to the negative terminal. Any positive ray of hope is instantaneously hosed down into a scorched mark on the ground. Therefore, when I first read through the novel the Lord of the Flies in my own spare time, I found that I was compelled by the fascinating slant that William Golding had taken on society in general. To have the sheer courage to produce, what was considered to be nearly ‘blasphemous’ at the time, deserves to be congratulated. If I wore a hat, then yes, I would indeed take my hat off to Golding, as he is truly worthy of such merits. Coral Island. Law and Order. Lord of the Flies. War and riot. Imagine being stranded on an island. No one to disapprove your behaviour, no one to dictate your life. Too much freedom can be a great sin. This example of free will and no discipline is clearly defined through the novel, the Lord of the Flies. A third of the way in, William Golding demonstrates the preliminary stages of human transformation, from the well-educated man to the savage beast. The first four chapters stage the development of Jack, Ralph, Roger and Piggy, who strive to find a new way of life after being abandoned on a desert island. Them fruit. This is the first example of how the children have lost control of their eating habits. Instead of sticking to the traditional – three meals a day – they ate until they were full or they ate as soon as they caught sight of food. Piggy in this case, has severe diarrhoea symptoms, as he has simply stuffed himself with fruit. Therefore, he has to constantly relieve the pain and concentration that contorted his rounded face when he had diarrhoea. As Ralph became conscious of the weight of his clothes he threw them off fiercely. So the well-dressed English School Boy disregarded his relation back to the real world and he felt as if he was finally in control of his life, yet he did not realise that the law and order was slowly receding into the misty horizon. The distinction between the mild-mouthed boys to the brutal fiend became clearer and clearer. To the other boys, a reminder of civilisation troubled them, however to Piggy, the grey shirt was pleasing. The distant reminder of control and security of the adult world calmed his worries. In spite of that, it was Piggy who had been bitterly let down by the adult world, in which he had so much faith. Nonetheless, for Jack, uniform resembled leadership, a thing that he kept close to his heart. Jack and the other bigguns were introduced as some kind of creature, walking in formation behind their leader: Jack. To get his hands on authority, Jack transformed his angelic black-cloaked choirboys into his hunters. The intimidating sinister black-bird look imposed on the rest of the group was already daunting, and it slowly began to change. The wearily obedient choir simply changed one uniform for another. Their black caps slid over like berets, they had mad buzzing eyes, they had painted faces and long hair and they were camouflaged. Jack’s sense of wrong and right spiralled out of control as he donned his new mask, which liberated him from shame and self-consciousness, which enhanced his urge to hunt. Piggy first saw the conch as a hope for rules and a way of forming a small council of leadership. His superior intellect allowed him to think and make rational decisions. However, his ungainly and unattractive appearance meant that he was shunted out from all the little groups, and all his ideas were dismissed without a concern. Unlike Coral Island, Lord of the Flies shows that a band of stranded boys will no longer remain civilised in the face of hunger, but will progressively turn rude and unruly. His eminent and sensible nature outclassed every being on the island and therefore led to him being shunted out like the runt. Before summoning everybody in front of the conch, Piggy had one clear aim: to get rescued. He would do everything that his podgy hands would allow him to do, and if all the boys were to comply with his plans, they would be on the first ship back home. However, due to the lack of control and fight for leadership, any hope of going home grew faint. The embossed and delicate shell steadily grew dark and dirty as Jack’s sooty hands clasped and unclasped it. The conch was a thing of beauty that Piggy caressed and carried safely under his arms. It brought the boys together and seemingly formed a civilised society. However, it was also the destruction of reality and life outside the island. Piggy felt that his thoughts could finally be voiced and that responsibility could be taken seriously, yet Jack whom believed that Piggy talked too much always undermined him. Jack was the one who wanted rules, leaders and hunters; nevertheless, he was the first one to break them. During the course of the four chapters, his perspectives changed as he longed to hunt and kill a pig: Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. The responsibility that came attached with headship was an added extra that Jack hadn’t bargained for. When he could no longer resist the urge to hunt, he left his duty of keeping the fire going, to rope more boys into his army and war-like chant. He only held respect for the conch because it held a purpose for him, he needed it to become leader and without it, Ralph would be in control. Many dictators mirror his thoughts, while Piggy and the conch represent democracy. The rash and impulsive manner which clouds Jack’s judgement is evident when he orders everyone to build a fire, but only then does he realise that he has no means of lighting it. Spontaneous behaviour patterns suggested that the emotions of some boys would run wild, happy would become ecstatic and angry would become infuriated. So, with the joy of seeing lavish light and feeling the burning heat, the hunters lost their senses and did not even to stop to listen to Piggy. Nonetheless, Piggy received his silent pleasure when the fact dawned on everyone in the company, that the fire had destructively burnt the rest of the firewood like a jaguar. They had lost their first chance of rescue and it dawned to many that they might not ever see that chance again. Due to Jack’s impulsive behaviour, the fire was let out and their means of rescue dwindled. Coral Island. Group and leader. Lord of the Flies. Savages and Chief. Roger’s eyelids fluttered as he felt the exhilarating satisfaction of trying to inflict pain on another human being (Henry). Roger’s nature hardly changes through the book, but it becomes more and more apparent that Roger is an evil and malicious boy. The odd few times that Roger is mentioned, his presence leaves a foggy gloom over the rest of the group of boys. Roger smiled unwillingly and nodded gravely. His solemn and daring looks give him an air of mystery. His true temperament is revealed when he starts to throw stones at Henry, but the taboo of his old life refrained him actually harming Henry. This shows that law and order still lingers around the island, but not for very long. Roger’s vindictive pleasure might overtake any sense of guilt or common sense. At the end of the fourth chapter, the crossed purposes of the main characters are clearly defined. Jack wants to hunt, Ralph wants to be rescued, Roger wants to hurt someone and Piggy wants to keep everything civilised. There is this air of joylessness about him as he smiles unwillingly and looks gravely. All his actions denote a sombre and deathly person who seems to have no warmth or emotion inside him. Samneric symbolise the wavering in-betweens of everyday society. They are what the majority of the boys thought during the entire course of the book. Instead of needing to describe how every boy felt, Golding used Samneric as a means of describing and portraying the general atmosphere. As they were able to be influenced, it is obvious that they would follow anyone who seemed particularly strong in the leadership contest. At the beginning, due to the conch, they stayed closer to law and order. Nevertheless, as everything began to digress into mayhem, they turned to the side on which they thought they would ‘win’. Their ultimate goal was to survive through the whole ordeal and if that meant siding with the more savage party, then that is what they would have had to do ‘win’. Unlike Piggy, they were willing to give up in their beliefs in the hope of coming out on top. Yet, characters like Simon and Piggy always had faith in the outside world, and both rallied to help everyone find the truth. The beacon of light represents many things in the beginning of the novel. It symbolises jurisdiction and as it disappears, things start to fall apart. Simon, shown as a Christ-like figure resembles the peace and well fare of the Christian nature. Piggy uses his understanding to try and make sure that everyone is safe and functional. Ralph wants to use the conch to unite everybody. However, Roger and Jack are shadowing the light of the creamy pink conch. Their guilty conscience and malevolence cover the right path shown by the conch and expose the depths of hell. Their only hope of civilisation without an adult is slowly retreating into the darkness of the opaque and mud-spattered conch. Furthermore, the chapter titles are an indication of how themes transform, not for the best, but in fact take a turn for the worse. There is a trace of hope with the beginning of the story being entitled The Sound of the Shell. It seems to portray that there is still a sense of civil obedience and if given the chance, the boys could lead life of structure. Yet, what we learn is that civilisation is only skin deep, and even though this scenario is set in the 1950s, its concept is ageless. Golding shows that when there is no adult-like figure or one of authority, patterns of behaviour will change. The deviation away from society was symbolised by the ominous chapter tiles: Painted Faces and Long hair, A View to Death, and finally the Cry of the Hunters. Ultimately, the novel had climaxed into a random state of sheer pandemonium. Having analysed the main characters so far in the novel, it is evident each of the different characters represents a different part of society, thus showing that the island as a whole is a microcosm of the world. It portrays how society functions with different elements causing its downfall, or for those who are optimistic among us, causing its upbringing. The boys are allegorical as they convey a symbolic significance. So far it seems that everything has begun to turn sour and the typical 1950s English audience would have been very disapproving of these changes. Jack’s continual submission from his opaque mad look made him even more sinister. As the eyes are typically thought of as the mirrors of the soul in literature, it is right to see that Jack had mad eyes, compared to the mild-mouthed Ralph. However, the thing that struck me most was the fact that nobody cared to notice the disappearance of the boy with the mulberry birthmark, until Piggy happened to mention it. This is one of the first factors that portray how no law and order had been established to keep a check of all those who were present in the surrounding local community. Enormity of the downward stroke. Jack could not possibly bring himself to kill the pig when he first had the chance; consequently he made sure that at the next opportunity, he did what he thought was necessary. He killed the pig not only out of the urge to hunt, but out of the risk of being humiliated; he didn’t want to seem soft like Piggy. Jack’s mask liberated him from shame and self consciousness and thus he was able to lead his pack (his former choirboys) in a march. As he progresses towards the murky depths of evil, Jack, like Roger shows no love or feeling. Everything he does is filled with vengeance and hatred, especially the way he venomously says ‘shut up’ to Piggy. This antipathy is continued when he usurps Piggy’s glasses and then mocks Piggy’s impairing vision. The use of language to depict Jack is always climatic, heated vibrant and imposing. He distances himself from the rest of society and also contributes to the deaths of Simo n and Piggy. At the beginning of Chapter Five – Beast from Water – Ralph knows that everyone must remain together is there is any hope of survival. Yet, nearing the end of the chapter, ambitions start to diverge and the group splits. Ralph simply cannot trust Jack any longer as he let the fire out; therefore Ralph has to resort to keeping the fire going. This initial distinction between hunt and rescue is shown by the line: two continents of experience and feeling unable to communicate. Ralph and Jack are so close, yet so far apart. They may be physically no more than a mile apart, but they are estranged in two completely different perspectives. Apart from the glimmering conch, another whiteness in the gloom was Simon. With an uncertain future waiting on the horizon, Simon had a perilous necessity to speak out and his greater natural understanding allowed him to look ‘outside the box’. He was able to see the world outside the microcosm of the island. The mystic and magical essence of his ability to see into a different dimension meant he was scorned by everyone, including Piggy. Simons heightened sense of awareness permitted him to see the beast for what it really was. Piggy’s contradictory rational nature meant that he found Simon slightly ‘batty’ to say the least. Nevertheless, Simon knew what mankind’s essential illness was and he tried to everything in his power to show the rest of the boys. Coral Island. Friendship and warmth. Lord of the Flies. Blood lust and temptation. Imagine being stranded on an island which had been taken over by a wave of friendly fire. Oxymoronic as it may be, the fire used to be friendly, once, until it was used as an instrument of vengeance. The recurrent vicissitudes lead to the destruction of the island and some of the people on it. Jack was engulfed by the notion of doing a dance and making sacrifices to solve his apparent problems, disparate to Piggy who knew of the imminent frenzy. As the basic elements of law and order break down, Roger tests the limits of leadership and friendship by standing against Jack. Even though he was in his element, when he started to act as the pig in the centre of the circle, he knew that he had to wait to reach his ultimate goal: power. The moment of Simon’s death is a significant point in the novel, and perhaps is the most important. If there had been any optimism on the island, it was in the form of Simon. His ethereality, reassurance and hushed tone of voice even made the pragmatic Piggy calm down. Coincidentally, the second Simon died; the dead parachutist leaves the island from across the mountain top. The phosphorescence gave a wraithlike message to the rest of islanders. As it ebbed away in the receding waters, the storm seemed like the lyrical death of an innocent and saintly being. The halo effect created by the minuscule flies sent out a feeling of true quintessence and integrity. Had there been a slight sliver of hope, it was diminished by the demise of the Piggy in the following chapters. Although Ralph sacrificed Piggy’s dignity by telling Jack his nickname, Ralph needed Piggy as he had the brains. Piggy was thinker and Ralph was essentially the doer. Without Piggy, Ralph would have not had the ideas, and without Ralph, Piggy could not have led a group of rowdy school boys. When first lighting the fire, Ralph to thinks of Piggy as a mere tool, but he soon realises how important Piggy us as he knows his own limitations – Only, decided Ralph as he faced the chief’s seat, I can’t think. Not like Piggy. When Ralph loses his grip in sanity, something flittered there in front of his mind like a bat’s wing, obscuring his idea; he was highly dependent on Piggy’s comfort. Piggy had an obscene importance to Ralph, as whenever he was without Piggy, Ralph would hear Piggy calling him a kid. Ralph showed he cared for Piggy by accompanying him to get his glasses back. He returns the warmth and confidence by telling Piggy: you keep right close to me. His immense shock when Piggy died was portrayed by the thought that the silence was complete and Ralph’s lips formed a word but no sound came. He even felt the alone in Piggy’s absence – There was no Piggy to talk sense. The final resentment of hatred towards the adult world was portrayed when Ralph wept for the end of innocence and he mourned for the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. Connected with Piggy’s death is the demise of the conch. Piggy’s life ends with the conch clutched in his hands, meaning when Piggy is destroyed, law and order is destroyed as well. Piggy was the first person to see the conch, and was associated with it from start to finish. Always holding it in high regard, he was the only boy on the island who actually realised how important it was, so protecting it from Jack and Roger. He knew that it was the only thing keeping him sae from Jack’s savages. Unseemingly so, Ralph also felt a kind of affectionate reverence with the conch after Simon’s death. He found comfort as he took the shell caressingly with both hands and knelt, leaning against the trunk. Beast from Water. Beast from Air. There was always that little beastie that would creep up from the shadows when your mummy had finished tucking you into bed and left you alone to face the death-defying journey through the night, every night. Every child has his or her own fear and William Golding used the Beast to execute an intense feeling of doubt and trepidation into the minds of the boys. The darkness of man’s heart is the evil that everyone will have to overcome, yet, the consternation will differ from person to person. There was the literal beast, which Jack and his savages made ritualistic sacrifices to, in an attempt to keep it pleased. This shows that the tribe believed in the materialistic values and rites the out ancestors used to believe in. The dead parachutist symbolises how, if not given the time to think, man would return to their basic animal instincts. On the other hand, more scientific and pragmatic boys like Simon and Piggy saw through this faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade. Even though he had been ostracised because of he was in the centre of the social derision. Piggy’s supreme intellect would simply not allow him accept the ideas of beasties. Simon’s numinous temperament means that he isn’t subjugated by the Beast, like the littl’uns. The Beast is the root of all evil, and the crescendo at the beginning of the chapter showed us (by personification) that an inanimate object was taking on a human form. Simon is like the Bringer of Truth, and after he has found out who the beast really is, he tried to enlighten the whole tribe, as the personal inconvenience means nothing to him. His motivation to tell to the truth as soon as possible led him to his death. The reason the boys have been stranded on the island is because the have been evacuated from the supposed ‘dangers’ of war in the adult world. It was only by fluke that the officer happened to land on the island just in time to save Ralph from being brutally murdered. Our imagination need not be let loose to imagine the horrific events that would have followed, had the officer not whistled in embarrassment at the sight before him. The memories of ages ago would not have returned to the savages, had they not seen a sign of authority. Being only fifteen when writing this essay, I cannot say that I have had all the experience, but I consistently find that people around me try to shelter my knowledge and push me deeper into the confinements of ‘safety’. Yet, surely there has to be a limit to how far you can ground a child and hide them from the truth? As adults are able to corrupt the world in which we live in, they try to blindfold us, in the name of protection. So, aren’t you just teaching us to blindly blunder into life? I am sure that you will agree with me in saying that William Golding wasn’t a pessimist. Though the people of his time may have branded him with innumerate foul names, you must believe that he only showed the virulent realities of the human nature. So if everything in the Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding, his ideas must have a shred of credible reality. The worsening, mood, weather and scenery all contributed to the hazardous conclusion. These aspects weren’t pessimistic to say the least; they were just showing the veritable truth. Unpalatable as it may be, the truth has to be adhered to and novels like Coral Island only seem to be handing out sugar-filled table spoons of hope. Hope in a whimsical world that simply does not exist. Coral Island. Optimism, definitely, and fantasy. Lord of the Flies. Pessimism, maybe, but reality.

Blue Nile case study Essay

How strong are the competitive forces confronting Blue Nile and other online retail jewelers? Do a five-force analysis to support your answer. The competition among the competing sellers in the industry is strong. Competitors for Blue Nile not only include the online jewelry sellers such as Diamonds.com, Whiteflash.com, Ice.com and JamesAllen.com, but also include brick-and-mortar jewelers, chain department stores, mass merchants, local jewelry shop, and large jewelry chains such as Zale and Tiffany. The competitive force from new entrants is moderate to weak. The new entrants of the traditional jewelry industry will need a large amount of capital for inventory, established brands to attract customers, and a strong sales team. For new online jewelry sellers, they also need to find ways to build their brand awareness, establish partnership with suppliers, and to keep the operation costs low to ensure attractive prices. The competition from substitute products for jewelry sellers is also moderate to weak. There are synthetic diamonds, manmade jewels and alternative jewels. But for engagement rings and wedding bands, people would still choose those real and precious diamonds and materials. Thus, from this aspect, there could not be substitutes for diamonds and expensive jewels. The bargaining power from the buyers is strong since there are many choices for them to purchase jewelry from. It is easy for customers to change their source for purchase. The bargaining power from the suppliers is strong for the prices for diamond and precious metals depend more on the exchange market in the world. There are limited suppliers creating an established oligopoly over the years. 2. What key factors will determine a company’s success in the online jewelry business in the next 3-5 years? Key success factors in the online jewelry business include the following ones: 1) Lower operation costs to keep prices lower than rivals 2) Partnership with suppliers to reduce inventory 3) Build customers’ trust and loyalty 4) Strong e-commerce capabilities 5) Manufacture customized products 3. What is Blue Nile’s strategy? Which of the five generic competitive strategies discussed in Chapter 5 most closely fit the competitive approach that Blue Nile is taking? What type of competitive advantage is Blue Nile trying to achieve? Blue Nile’s strategy is to be the Best Cost Provider. It provides the customer high quality engagement rings, wedding bands and jewelry with low prices to value seeking customers. Blue Nile tries to achieve low costs of its operation and marketing thus maintain its competitive advantage in prices. 4. What do you like and dislike about Blue Nile’s business model? Blue Nile’s business model is to make profits through its online sale of high-quality jewelry at competitive low prices with trusted guidance throughout the purchasing process. The model I like is that it provides value to its suppliers and customers which in return bring about their profits. The lean costs and supply chain efficiency enable them to achieve this goal. Another aspect of the model I like is that they provide a high level of customer service and was continuously engaged in refining the customer service aspects in every step of the purchase order. The business model places great importance on customers’ satisfaction which would help their business to grow. The model I don’t like is that they don’t have their own brand of jewelry established and they depend too much on the jewelry of their suppliers. Quality of their jewelry as well as the brand effects could not be competitive with other well-known brands. 5. What does a SWOT analysis of Blue Nile reveal about the overall attractiveness of its situation? Strengths: 1). Offer high-quality jewelry at competitive prices 2). Provide great customer services 3). Efficient supply chain management 4). Good financial condition with a positive amount of cash flows Weakness: 1). Brand name not widely recognized as Zale and Tiffany 2). only sell online 3). Restricted to US, UK and Canada. Opportunities: 1). Growing jewelry market in US 2).Many recognitions in the online jewelry industry Threats: 1). Competitors from online and offline jewelry retailers 2). Seasonal sale of jewelry 6. What is your appraisal of Blue Nile’s financial performance based on the data in case Exhibit 4? How well is the company doing financially? Is there evidence that Blue Nile’s strategy is working—what is the story of the numbers in case Exhibit 4? Use the financial ratios in Table 4.1 of Chapter 4 as a guide in doing the calculations needed to arrive at an analysis-based answer to your assessment of Blue Nile’s recent financial performance. Blue Nile has adequate competitive strength to compete with its online rivals. It has already created brand awareness and brand loyalty among most of its customers. It also has a large number of jewelry selections thanks to its extensive partnership with jewelry suppliers. The efficient supply management also ensures the low prices of their products. It has built a sustainable competitive advantage in the online retail jewelry business. For offline competitors, Blue Nile should work on putting more marketing efforts to make more people know about their brand and build its brand into a reliable high-quality image. 8. What strategic issues and problems does Blue Nile management need to address? Issues and problems Blue Nile Management need to address: 1). Lack of marketing and advertising makes Blue Nile still unknown to many potential customers. Blue Nile should explore more advertising channels to promote its brand image. 2). International efforts to reach the global market are slow. They currently only reach out to UK and Canada. Blue Nile should try to tap more potential global market and explore new markets. 9. What recommendations would you make to Blue Nile management to strengthen its competitive position and future strategic and financial performance? Blue Nile management should keep on providing customers jewelry at low costs while maintain its high quality of jewelry and customer services. Reducing the costs would help ensure the low prices and continuous efforts on educating the customers and assuring their purchase decisions would help Blue Nile to strengthen its competitive position.

Bluebells of Scotland

Bluebells of Scotland â€Å"Bluebells of Scotland† is a piece written and composed in the late romantic era around 1899 by Arthur Pryor. The piece was composed from a traditional Scottish folk song for the trombone and orchestral accompaniment. In the late 1800s the trombone was not viewed as an instrument that could perform particularly difficult pieces. Compelled by society’s negative opinion of the trombone, Pryor composed â€Å"Bluebells of Scotland† in order to display the capabilities of the trombone and to emphasize that it could play very difficult pieces.This piece is a little more upbeat and physical than other pieces of the same time period, but what makes this piece particularly unique is that it is the only piece with a high level of difficulty for trombone that was composed in the time of its conception. The piece is intended to be accompanied by an orchestra but can be played with piano accompaniment as well. The characteristics of this piece are v ery dynamic and free. The expressivity of the piece is left up to the interpretation of the performer which allows for a large amount of freedom and creativity.There are quite a few cadences that allow the performer to take control of tempo and dynamics. â€Å"Bluebells of Scotland† includes both very slow and lyrical passages as well as many very quick and difficult runs, double-tonguing, octave jumps, lips slurs, and a vast amount of high register notes. The introduction of the piece begins with a triumphant cadence peaking at a high register C, which slowly decays into a very lyrical melodic sequence that takes the shape of the original lyrics, which read: â€Å"Oh where, tell me where, is your highland laddie gone?Oh where, tell me where, is your highland laddie gone? He's gone with streaming banners where noble deeds are done. And it's oh! in my heart I wish him safe at home. † The piece then moves into a much more difficult technical variation of the original mel ody and progressively builds in speed until the also very triumphant ending. Around the time the then eighteen or nineteen year old Arthur Pryor composed â€Å"Blue Bells of Scotland†, he had only been playing the slide trombone for three to four years.Pryor was given the slide trombone as a payment to a debt and taught himself to play it fairly quickly. Amazingly, Pryor wrote the piece with the knowledge of only a few slide positions and would use false tones and alternate positions for notes in the fifth, sixth, and seventh positions. Despite this, â€Å"Blue Bells of Scotland† is still one of Pryor’s most memorable pieces and is still widely known today. A few years after composing â€Å"Bluebells of Scotland† he arrived in New York by invitation of John Philip Sousa.After arriving to be in Sousa’s new concert band, Pryor was offered by Frank Holton the position of principle chair trombonist. When Holton left the position, Pryor became the featu red soloist of over 10,000 solos as principle trombonist for Sousa’s band. â€Å"Blue Bells of Scotland† serves as a constant reminder of the trombone’s capabilities as a very lyrical instrument and its ability for technical prowess as well. Arthur Pryor inspired interest in the trombone with his virtuoso playing, and â€Å"Bluebells of Scotland† in particular has been a standard of trombone literature for decades and a favorite challenge for advanced players†(Kleiner). The piece will always have a special place in the hearts of all trombonists, both past and future. Works Cited http://www. celticscores. com/sheet-music/628_Blue_Bells_of_Scotland http://bluebellstrilogy. com/blog/2010/05/arthur-pryor-blue-bells-and-trombone/

Discussion 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion 4 - Assignment Example nexpected medical costs hence saving you from bankruptcy and deep debts when you have to pay for your medical bills from the pocket (HealthCare.gov n.d.). . They not only will save you from the high costs of meeting medical expenses but can also help protect your children from diseases, as obesity, which is in the recent past, has been a major issue in America. For, instance it is assumed that if parents accessed healthcare insurance for their kids, they would be able to take them for regular check-ups hence the issue of obesity would be outdated because doctors would be able to observe any trends in the kid’s weight. Either it is believed that if all Americans had access to health coverage, all communicable diseases would be wiped out of America. Therefore, it is evident that health coverage is imperative for all Americans. To solve the issues crippling the healthcare system, all Americans should have access to healthcare insurance coverage. Because nobody wants to get hurt or sick, all Americans hence need care when faced with medical complications. To save all Americans from unexpected medical costs, healthcare insurance coverage should be made accessible to all. Innocent kids of America can thus be safe if insurance coverage should be made

Topic 4-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Topic 4-1 - Essay Example The student may interest in a given career such as teaching but depicting behaviors that are not appropriate for the teaching career. For example, the student may introvert and has low motivation to research. The student may also like doing things in isolation than group (Brown & Lent, 2013). When attending to such a student, a counselor applying the Social Cognitive Theory may train the student to develop extrovert behavior to enable open interaction with others. The counselor may also encourage and admit the student in tasks that require group participation so that the latter can develop skills and behaviors that support open socialization and corporation. The counselor may also urge the student to identify the best teacher and note the characters that make them perform to attract admiration. The counselor should then train and encourage the student to emulate and practice the behaviors of the role-model teacher (Brown & Lent, 2013). The choice of the Social Cognitive Theory relates to it ease to assist in effective counseling of career related problems. Focus on social interactions and environmental influences on human behavior provide immediate elements to check when attending a client. It is easier to analyze and influence behaviors of a client by studying the social and environmental forces that influence

Can computer technology improve the lives of people in the developing Essay

Can computer technology improve the lives of people in the developing world - Essay Example In a developing country, usually the infrastructure is not very strong and people find it difficult to travel from one place to another. This usually creates the urban-rural divide and people in the rural areas are often unable to receive better facilities. With the use of computer technology and internet, the patients in the rural areas can consult the doctors in the cities via video conferencing. In some cases, the doctors can even assist in surgeries at rural locations via video conferencing. This video conferencing could also help the doctors in developing countries to connect to doctors in developed countries and seek their advice and support. In developing countries, the internet becomes a powerful means of communication, especially amongst the youth. It serves to connect the youth together. Through this internet, governments and health agencies can disseminate important information related to health to the young population. This includes information on HIV or several other diseases. This can help in making the people more aware and preventing the spread of these diseases. Normally, developing countries usually face lots of disasters, either manmade or natural. This includes earthquakes, wars and other such calamities. There is lots of damage to life and the victims of these disasters are often in need of blood. Computer technology can enable the government or independent organizations to develop a database of blood donors, and in case of an emergency, these people can instantly be contacted. This will definitely help in saving plenty of lives. Lieberman, D. (n.d.). The Computers Potential Role in Health Education . Retrieved December 15, 2009, from Informaworld:

Summary Issue Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summary Issue Analysis - Research Paper Example The facilitator will reduce one full letter on the grade marking for any completed template, because of a student has not entered her or his responses in the appropriate box. Enter responses using single space and the font type and size should be the pre-determined one for the template (Times New Roman, 12-point). The facilitator will reduce one full letter on the grade for any completed template, if a student has used other spacing conventions, font type or font size. Wherever grammatically appropriate and helpful, include paragraph breaks and bulleted lists to organize responses. Responses must not exceed the maximum word count limit for each section [as set forth in brackets next to each heading]. Determine the number of words included in the response to each section and input the word count to each response in the spaces provided within the template. (To determine word counts, in MS Word, highlight the response, select the â€Å"Tools† drop-down menu and select Word Count. ) Again, the facilitator may reduce one full letter on the grade marking for any completed template (a) If the response in any section exceeds the related maximum word count limit, or (b) If the student fails to provide his/her own word count. Completely and successfully check grammatical error as well as spelling mistakes in the responses (using the related MS Word capability) prior to submitting the completed template to the facilitator. For this purpose, make certain that ALL â€Å"grammar– and style– check† options and settings are active. In MS Word, select Tools, Options, Spelling & Grammar. Under Writing style, select Grammar & Style. Then select Settings †¦ and check all Grammar and Style boxes except Use of first person. Also, under Require select always Comma required before last item option; for Punctuation required with quotes select inside; and for Spaces required between sentences select 2. The facilitator will reduce one full letter on the gr ade on any completed template, if it (a) is not successfully spell-checked and grammar-checked using the required settings or (b) uses any instance of â€Å"passive voice.† Submit the completed template to the facilitator via the course drop box. The facilitator will grade and comment on the electronic files submitted and subsequently return the files to students via the course drop box. Use the following file naming convention, a student should submit the completed template to the facilitator. Modify the course term indicator as appropriate: A603_M8W2-12_Analysis_StudentLastName_StudentFirstInitial.doc Example: A603_M8W2-12_Analysis_Smith_J.doc The facilitator will not accept assignments after the due date, without exception. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the ethical issues, economic consequences, and political context of accounting standards and financial reporting for stock-based compensation (most commonly in the form of employee stock optio ns). This paper begins by identifying the stakeholders and the nature of their stake in the decision of a company, about whether it has to (a) adopt the optional fair value method of

Education in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example As the discussion stresses  after the country was founded in 1932, the education system was not easily accessible and was limited by individual teaching practices at religious schools, mosques, and private homes. The schools were initially focused on teaching Islamic law, recitation of Quran included with basic writing and reading skills. By the end of the century, there were prominent educational reforms in the Ottoman provinces of Hijaz and Al-Ahsa, leading to the beginning of the ‘modern education’. In 1954, the Ministry of Education was established and the first non-wholly religious university, the King Saud University, was opened in 1957. In 1958, a uniform educational system was provided, which consisted of â€Å"a 6-year elementary, a 3-year intermediate and a 3-year secondary cycle with a separate higher education program†.This essay highlights  the goal of the Saudi education system is to ensure that education is provided in a well-organized and effic ient way to meet the religious, social, and economic needs of the nation, as well as to minimize the illiteracy rates within the community. The general objectives of education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are â€Å"to provide the students with the values, teachings and ideals of Islam; to equip them with various skills and knowledge; to develop their conduct in constructive directions; and to develop the society economically and culturally†.

Landing on the moon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Landing on the moon - Research Paper Example The attempt to reach the moon dates back to the mid-20th century. On 13th of September 1959, the Soviet Union made the first object that landed on the surface of the moon. Luna 2 was the name of the spacecraft and was sent without a human accompaniment because of the potential risk that was involved. Despite being the first spacecraft to reach the moon, it was the second to be launched in the direction of the moon after the unsuccessful Luna 1. Through Luna 2’s movement to the moon, various discoveries were made about the moon. It was established that there was no significant magnetic field on the surface of the moon. In addition, there was never found any evidence of the presence of radiation belts in the moon (NASA 1). The United States also made an effort to have a spacecraft to the moon. This led to the landing of Ranger 4 to the moon in 1962 opening up more opportunities for the expansion of the aviation industry. The reaching of man to the moon was another milestone in the exploration of the moon. On July 20th, 1969 Apollo 11, a spacecraft owned by the United States landed on the surface of the moon with its astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin. This was the first manned spacecraft in the history of moon landings (NASA 1). However, afterwards, there have been other manned as well as unmanned spacecraft that have found their way into the surface of the moon. Between the first manned landings in 1969 to 1972, up to twelve astronauts reached the surface of the moon. Landing to the moon is not a simple affair; it is characterized by a sophisticated technology. A rocket is the equipment that was developed to break the gravity of the earth hence getting to the surface of the moon where there is no gravity. A rocket is propelled to the space where it continues to increase in speed even in vacuum. This

Terminating the Patient-Provider Relationship Essay Example for Free

Terminating the Patient-Provider Relationship Essay Introduction Problem Overview With the advent of 21st century medical technology, health care procedures, ethical and legal considerations and scopes of practice among health care providers have become greatly complex. According to Servellen (1997), one of the most confronting issues of the modern provider-patient relationship is the often misunderstanding of accountability, responsibility and liability of care measures towards the patient (p.334). Legal considerations of providing care and duty of obligation of the provider towards the patients start when the health care professional enters into a relationship with a patient. However, the agreement of care relationship does not only require role of the provider. According to Scott, Ed and Scott (2005), compliance of the patient throughout the care procedures rendered by the provider is another significant component of caring process (p.162). In fact, providers include initial assessments on patient’s level of compliance prior to the start of care process, and more importantly, health professionals inform the patient about the written policy imposing the responsibility of the patient to comply with the process of health care interventions. As considered by American Academy of Nurses, if the patient becomes noncompliant or initiates actions violating professional rights of provider or the patient’s rights, the provider possesses the benefit of terminating the working relationships as considered by the appropriate grounds (Scott, Ed and Scott, 2005 p.162). On the other hand, if the provider terminates the relationship, such professional decision now confronts the issue on breaching the pledged role of devoted care and legal duty of service. Termination of patient-provider relationships is confronted by question whether or not conflicts between the professional role of the provider and the legal duty to provide care (Servellen, 1997 p.334). The current implementations of patient care disengagement largely depend on the institutional policy. According to Scott, Ed and Scott (2005), â€Å"termination of the provider-patient relationship is justified when the patient makes a knowing, voluntary election to end the relationship, either unilaterally or jointly with the provider† (p.162). Upon signing the consent of care, both participants of the care process obtain their own roles in the entire procedure of care. Mason (2004) emphasizes that the professional relationship with the patient can just be terminated due to personal or other inappropriate grounds (p.307). Termination of care is only considered ethical and appropriate when (1) the patient has already reached the maximum benefit of the procedure as supported by clinician’s judgment, or (2) when the patient has already achieved cure from the procedure. However, termination of patient-care relationship on the ground of patient non-compliance imposes a conflict issue between duty of care and patient’s participatory role in the process of care delivery. As supported by Servellen (1997), the provider’s duties to the patient, involving a breach of duty, relates to the standards of practice for all health care professionals (p.334). According to Mason (2004), termination of patient care may result to a legal accusation of abandonment, which â€Å"is the discontinuation of an established patient-provider relationship† (p.307). According to AMA, a non-compliant patient is considered as a â€Å"difficult patient† and candidate for the reconsideration of patient-provider termination of care. However, termination of care must follow appropriate procedures without interfering the continuity of patient care. Terminating the patient care somehow conflicts with the element of maintaining the continuity of care. As explained by Carter, Levetown and Foley 2004), noncompliant patients under reconsideration of patient-care termination still possess the rights of continuous care until another health care reliever has been reassigned (p.120). Moscow (2004) points out that terminating patient care without proper reliever of care is automatically considered a liability against the established patient-provider relationship contract (p.120). According to Servellen (1997), despite the protective and patient-focused approaches of the provider, inevitable times wherein a provider is confronted with situations (e.g. DNR requests can sometimes impede to patient’s right of autonomy, etc.) that can possibly or actually impinge patient’s rights can still occur (p.335). According to American Hospital Association (AHA), the four basic consumer rights state that the (1) patient has the right to safety, (2) right to be informed, (3) right to choose, and (4) right to be heard (Servellen, 1997 p.335). Considering these components as part of the reconsiderations in the ethical discussion of patient-provider care termination, it is indeed inappropriate to terminate the relationship set prior to the start of the process. As mentioned by AMA, provision of care towards non-compliant patients is still under the governance of the elements of (1) health care provider’s duty to provide continuous care, (2) fulfilling the expectations of care for the patient, and (3) carrying out the obligations of care (Mason, 2004 p.307). Terminating the care relationship set during the formal contract establishment between the provider and patient is automatically considered a breach in the legal nature of such relationship. Such action is a considerable ground for the legal liability of abandonment. Despite the issue on termination of care, there are still possible grounds wherein a health care’s refusal to care can be considered appropriate. According to Servellen (1997), provider’s may terminate or refuse care process when (1) the procedure caries physical risks to either the provider or the patient, (2) rendered care violates patient’s rights to autonomy and self-determinations, and (3) religious or moral issues followed by either of the two parties (p.335).   According to Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004), the actual patient-provider relationship is founded on trust and relationship, and not merely on legal holds or set contracts (p.120). Considering this as a form of assertion to the later supporting principles of patient-provider relationship termination, the issue on role fidelity arises as another essential consideration aside from autonomy and the contractual-based patient-provider relationship. Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004) emphasize the value of adhering to the moral and professional role of the nurse, and not solely limiting the care provision on to the patient’s level of compliance (p.120). Guided by the principle of â€Å"patient’s best interest† and fidelity, Mezey and Berkman (2000) support the idea pointing out on the idealistic elements of nursing practice wherein professionals should consider their importance in administering care under holistic and universal perspective regardless of potentially solvable conflicts (p.502). Despite of the relationship established after the setting of contact, the provider needs to consider the nature of non-equalitarian partnership and not the coequal partnership; rather, leading, establishment of rapport and serving the best interests to as the patient as the care provider must all be considered.   As supported by Shamus and Stern (2003), patient-provider relationship imposes a duty of unauthorized disclosure of contract care process without appropriate grounds (p.74). The 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) indeed protect the patients from such decisions brought by health care providers. However, compliance and sets of patient’s participatory obligations throughout the procedure count significantly on the entire health care delivery process (Shamus and Stern, 2003 p.74). Insurance of care does not only direct the obligations and tasks towards the provider but also from the patient. According to Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), patient-provider relationship is expected to work as an enhancing strategy for patient’s trust towards their health care provider. Furthermore, such relationship supports a therapeutic alliance and patient care processes involving high levels of trusts, rapport and patient satisfaction (p.195). By this principle, patients are indeed subjected to participate and cooperate in the process of health care delivery. However, in case the patient declines to participate, health care providers must not immediately terminate the procedure since they are no coequals of the patients and resistance towards care measures are sometimes inevitable. According to Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al. (2001), health care providers must continuously administer care and interventions necessary for the well-being of the patient despite of the non-compliant behavior (p.620). In case the patient becomes notoriously incompliant to either selective or general procedures scheduled for administration, AMA suggests a series of assessment for the noncompliant behavior without involving one’s professional role outside the scope of care provision (Mason, 2004 p.307). Furthermore, the patient’s decision to not comply entirely depends on himself or herself; although, it is an important protocol consideration to check institutional policy for the proper consent documentation of such patient’s behavior. Most public institutions implement waiver signing when the patient refuses to take medications for example. According to Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), this is done for the purpose of formality and protection from possible accusations of abandonment or care quality infringements (p.195). On the other hand, when provider-patient relationship is not anymore pursuing its beneficial state or health care alliance status, AMA suggests the termination of health care management. As supported by Rubenfield and Scheffer (2006), the duty of the provider in relation to the physician-patient relationship includes (1) fulfilling the patient’s expected care, (2) carrying out the health care roles of the provider towards the patient, and (3) delivering care guided by the principles of fidelity and nonmalificence (p.96). If the provider has been determined to satisfy all these criteria, the duty to treat or provide care to the patient is indeed not violated. However, if the patient pursues his or her state of noncompliance despite of the standards of care being administered and the potential of further causing harm to one’s self, terminating the set provider-patient relationship is indeed justified. Nonetheless, as supported by the AMA Code of Ethics in 1998 Doc #1, p.5, â€Å"physicians cannot withdraw from a case without giving notice to the patient, the relatives, or responsible friends sufficiently long in advance of withdrawal to permit another medical attendant to be secured† (cited at Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al., 2001 p.621). The health care provider is still tasked to service the patient until the reliever of care becomes available. Meanwhile, despite the legal recognitions in terminating the provider-patient relationship, the question still lies if whether or not the provider breaches his or her professional role as the higher component of the alliance considering the noncompliant state of the patient. Statement of the Problem The participation of both parties in the patient-provider relationship is an important consideration to the entire success of the health care delivery process. Once the provider accepts the task pf providing care to the patient, it is lawfully and professionally understood that the provider agrees to setup a transactional bond with the patient. According to AMA code of ethics, the setting of contract between the provider and the patient includes participatory roles from the two parties, and compliance to the higher participant of the alliance, the health care provider, must take the lead of health care management (Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al., 2001 p.621). Added by Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), â€Å"patient-provider relationship is even ideally characterized by high levels of provider informativeness, interpersonal sensitivity and partnership building† (p.189). However, in some instances, patient may pose as the incompliant participant of the body system, which can greatly compromise the delivery of care as well as the role function of the provider. As emphasized by Servellen (1997), if the patient manifests a noncompliant behavior towards the care being provided by the assigned health care professional, the code of ethics should rather consider the termination of the bonded agreement than forcing the two participants to maintain their relationship since this can actually be detrimental to both patient’s health and provider’s role (p.336). Hence, termination of patient-provider relationship in relation to patient’s incompliant behavior can be possibly done via appropriate process of separation mandated by the institutional policies. It is important however to consider the validation of the provider’s claims followed by the written acknowledgement signed by the patient. After establishing an agreement of termination, the provider is expected to maintain the level of care being provided to the patient until the endorsement of the patient’s care to the assigned reliever. AMA has imposed significant abandonment liabilities once the provider terminates the established relationship without properly engaging to the set institutional policies. According to Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al. (2001), terminating the established relationship between the provider and the patient without properly notifying, validating and documenting the said action will immediately resort to legal liabilities (p.621). Termination of patient-provider relationship must be laid down to the patient for recognition and prevention of legal accusation of abandonment. Despite the valid points and supporting rationales in terminating the patient-provider relationship, the issue still lies questioning the appropriateness of termination in relation to the ideal practice of role fidelity and duty of care. Due to this very reason, we have proposed a descriptive and non-experimental study analyzing the legal, ethical and moral nature of terminating the set patient-provider relationship. The objectives of the study proposed are as follows: To determine the ethical stand point of terminating patient-provider relationship in relation to the ideal principles of (a) duty of care and (b) role fidelity To determine the perceptions of the patients on the potential effects of terminating patient-provider relationship towards the level of trust and health care satisfaction Scopes and Limitations Due to the continuously evolving policies of health care system, changes in the patient-provider relationship have also evolved progressively. Despite the idealistic principles of fidelity and duty of care, health care providers still encounter inevitable instances wherein the client becomes non-compliant towards selective or general interventions implemented as part of the care process. According to Servellen (1997), instead compromising the care delivered to these patients, code of ethics have now reconsidered the procedure-based termination of patient-provider relationship to prevent the delivery of reluctant or incompetent care management due to patient’s incompliance (p.327). However, Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004) and Mezey and Berkman (2000) assert that terminating patient-provider relationship violate the principles of duty of care and role fidelity since it is always the task of the provider to carry-out the needs of the patient as guided by the principle of â€Å"patient’s best-interests† regardless of the patient’s response to health care. In this proposed study, the primary goal is to determine whether or not the ideal principles of health care (role fidelity and duty of care) are breached once the provider terminates the established relationship with the patient. At the end of the study, the following questions must be answered: What are the supported grounds for terminating patient-provider relations approved by AMA and AAN? Cite the legal, ethical and moral comparisons between the two policies. Does the health care provider breach the established relationship once he/she requested for termination due to incompliant behavior? Significance of the Study Despite the defined institutional policies supporting the process of termination, the issue on breached principles of health care still remains questionable. Federal health care organizations, such as AMA and AAN, have clarified the issue and process involving the termination of patient-provider relationship on the grounds of non-compliance and failure to adhere to the provider’s instructions. According to Servellen (1997), during the times of the HIV epidemic, termination of care is considered professionally inappropriate; hence, care provided towards these HIV patients became detrimental to the patient’s health due to the reluctance and exaggerated care measures implemented by these providers (p.327). The issue involving the termination of such established relationship covers both ethical and legal principles (e.g. role fidelity, duty of care, etc.) governing the pledged role of the provider and the assigned participatory role (e.g. patient’s rights, patient’s task of compliance, etc.) of the patient. Clarifying the care issues on the termination of patient-provider relationship is significant due to the following reasons: By understanding the limitations and defined grounds of terminating the patient-provider relationships, the study can aid in identifying the relationships of ethical principles that shall answer the confronting issue of patient-provider relationship By understanding the legal and ethical considerations on patient-provider relationship termination, the study can help in defining policy proposals on the proper procedures for implementing the termination of patient-provider relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conceptual framework of the study illustrates the proposed program of implementation addressing the issue on termination of patient-provider relationship. The conceptual framework is based from the primary goal of the study – to determine the standpoint of the termination of patient-provider relationship. By determining the subjective responses from two types of samples, patients and nurses (selected â€Å"provider† population), the procedure should be able to reveal the ethical justifications and oppositions on the subject of terminating patient-provider relationship due to noncompliance. After determining the collation of responses, the procedure analyzes the data in order to obtain significant relationships pertaining to the issue on breaching the principles of role fidelity and duty of care upon termination of such care contracts. Program Proposal f.1. Research Design   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study proposes a non-experimental and descriptively designed survey methodology as the program for analyzing the issue on termination of patient-provider relationship. Using the perception-based methodology, the study explores the different insights of the two parties involved – patients and nurses/ providers – in the issue targeted by the study. The proposed program utilizes open-ended questions depicting the different possible perspectives of the samples – approval, opposition, suggestive– towards the issue imposed. The design of the study relates to the patterns illustrated on the conceptual framework. The emphasis of the survey questions is derived from the primary goal of the study – to determine if whether or not the termination of patient-provider breaches the concept of role fidelity and duty of care.   The collated responses obtained from the survey are compared to the ethics analysis condu cted in the literary reviews. f.2. Samples and Sampling Technique Used   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study aims to achieve the total target population of 100 patients and 100 nurses proportionately divided into two different sample hospital locales. Using a simple random sampling method, selection of patient respondents is guided by the following criteria: (1) 18 and above, (2) patients must be admitted within the hospital premises for at least two days, and (3) must be conscious and coherent. On the other hand, sampling criteria among nurses are as follows: (1) must be licensed professional, (2) must be employed and working within the hospital premises, (3) must have at least 2 years of nursing experience from the surveyed hospital locale or other institution. f.2. Data Gathering Procedure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data gathering procedures shall be composed of two different methodologies: (a) ethics analysis conducted in the literary reviews and (2) survey methodology implemented on two groups of samples. Ethics analysis from the literature reviews comprise of the different ideas answering the ethical disputes on termination of patient-provider relationship. In the process of ethics analysis, the principles of role fidelity and duty of care involved in the issue are the emphasis of the analysis. The main objective of this procedure is to answer the ethical standpoints of the issue based on whether the termination violates the principles of role fidelity and duty of care. On the other hand, the second methodology deals with the perceptions answering the issue on breached principles of role fidelity and duty of care through the termination of patient-provider relationship. After gathering the results of the two data sources, the integration of data is conducted aiming to answer the primary goal of then proposed study. f.3. Instrumentation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Survey questionnaires are the primary instrument used for the gathering of data and responses from the qualified samples. The questions used have been derived from three categories inclined to the different possible responses of the respondents. Categories used include (1) approval, (2) opposition, and (3) suggestive. Using open ended-questions according to the four categories, the respondent must select their preferred side among the four categories. Approval selection depicts their positive response over the termination of patient-provider relationship, opposition is the reverse,   and suggestive implicates the possible changes they want. The results of the survey are collated for the purpose of analysis and implications of data. f.4. Program Implementations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the process of implementing the proposed program for evaluation and assessment of the issue, methodologies shall comprise (a) ethics analysis via records review and (b) the qualitatively designed survey of the chosen sample population. Implementation process shall begin with the gathering of records and reviews on issues and bioethical discussions on termination of patient-provider relationship. In the process of analyzing the obtained data, the study shall document (a) the ethical principles associated to the termination issue, (b) the conflicting ethical principles, and (c) the violated ethical principles upon implementation of the issue. After gathering these three components, the data shall be analyzed drawing appropriate implications from the documentation acquired. With the acquired results from ethics analysis, we shall now relate these to the two principles – role fidelity and duty of care that are hypothetically breache d upon terminating patient-provider relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the application of the second procedure, the survey methodology shall now begin its pilot study with a smaller sample population of at least 10 qualified respondents from the chosen research locales. During the process of pilot testing, the research processes involving the survey questions, respondent interaction, collation of data, analysis and interpretation of data shall be tested for validation and revision in case necessary. After the pilot study, the actual survey procedure shall commence targeting a population of 100 qualified respondents from each of the two hospitals chosen. Furthermore, 100 target samples from each institution shall be divided into two comprising of 50 qualified nurses and another 50 qualified patient respondents. The total sample population shall therefore be 200 qualified respondents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After gathering the survey results using open-ended questions and simple random sampling technique, the results shall be collated according to the three categories of the questions used -(1) approval, (2) opposition, and (3) suggestive. The results shall be analyzed according to the data obtained from the records review. Implications associated to the ethical issue proposed (termination of patient-provider relationship) shall be drawn from the results of the interview. With the implications and analysis of the survey results, the next procedure integrates the study results from the records review and survey results to draw the general relationship between the perceptive study and theoretical ethical discussion on the issue proposed. Finally, the results drawn from the integration should answer the primary goal of the study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.5. PICO Analysis Table 1: P.I.C.O Analysis Population The main subjects concerning the research topic are the patients and associated providers, such as nurses and physicians. Program implementations involve similar sample groups as well (patients and nurses). Intervention Ethics analysis on patient-provider relationship utilizes the general overview of nursing and clinical care procedures (e.g. medication administration, wound care, etc.). On the other hand, the program implementation utilizes two interventions, specifically (a) Survey with corresponding questionnaires and (b) records analysis. Comparison Variable comparisons involve (a) patient perception versus (b) nurses perception on whether or not termination of patient-provider relationship violates the principles of duty to care and role fidelity. Outcomes Expected results of the study differentiate among the two parties involved. Nurses perceive the termination an ethical consideration under the basis of noncompliance and breach in the contract of relationship set prior to care delivery. Meanwhile, patients perceive the termination as an ethical breach since the tasks of the nurses must always comply with the duty to care and role fidelity. Conclusion In summary of this research proposal, we aim to determine the ethical standpoint of terminating patient-provider relationship on the grounds of patient incompliance despite the set agreement and principles governing the role of the health care provider. Since termination of patient-provider relationship has already been acknowledged by federal organizations (e.g. AMA, AAN, etc.), we determine if such termination of accounts on the basis of patient’s incompliance breaches the ethical principles of role fidelity and duty of care. In order to strengthen the ethics analysis of the issue, we have incorporated a descriptively designed survey method to obtain the perceptive response of both patients and nurses towards the imposed issue. After collating the results of the survey, the next step is to integrate the results obtained from the records review and from the survey conducted. References Carter, B. S., Levetown, M., Foley, K. M. (2004). Palliative Care for Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Practical Handbook. London, New York: JHU Press. Earp, J., French, E. A., Gilkey, M. B. (2007). Patient Advocacy for Health Care Quality: Strategies for Achieving Patient-centered Care. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Mason, J. (2004). Concepts in Dental Public Health. New York, U.S.A: Lippincott Williams Wilkin. Mezey, M., Berkman, B. J. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Elder Care: The Comprehensive Resource on Geriatric and Social Care. London, New York: Springer Publishing Company. Rothstein, M. A., Brody, B. A., McCullough et al., L. B. (2001). Medical Ethics: Analysis of the Issues Raised by the Codes, Opinions, and Statements. London, New York: BNA Books. Rubenfield, M., Scheffer, B. K. (2006). Critical Thinking Tactics for Nurses: Tracking, Assessing, and Cultivating Thinking to Improve Competency-based Strategies. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Scott, R. W., Ed, N., Scott, W. (2005). Legal Aspects of Documenting Patient Care for Rehabilitation Professionals. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Servellen, G. (1997). Communication Skills for the Health Care Professional: Concepts and Techniques. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Shamus, E., Stern, D. (2003). Effective Documentation for Physical Therapy Professionals. New York, U.S.A: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Developing a Database Management System Presentation

Developing a Database Management System Presentation I am Estelle Lemmer and would like to provide you with a business presentation outlining the process Klingon Systems has followed in developing a Database Management System for The Borg Collective. This presentation will explain what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and why this is the best option for The Borg Collective. While explaining what queries, forms and reports are, it would be explained how these were applied and developed in creating the Database Management System as well as pointing out the benefits using these will hold for The Borg Collective. A Database management system (DBMS) is a computer program specifically developed to store and manage data. The database can be queried to provide specific data required and can produce forms and reports relational to that data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). Specifically for the Borg Collective, we have developed a database management system to store all your information on customers, stock items, suppliers and orders. You would be able to run specific queries on your data to view only the needed information. You would also be able to produce invoices for each customer. When creating a relational database, information from different tables can be connected to each other. In a relational database you can have one record from one table connected to many records in another table. As seen on the slide, each of The Borg Collectives information tables has been linked by using primary keys (yellow key symbol) identified in each table (Beskeen et al. 2014). There are several reason for using a Database Management System: Easy update of information: It has been decided that a Database Management System is the appropriate tool for this project and I will outline the reasons why: In looking at the data of The Borg Collective it is obvious that it is too complex to only get handled in a spreadsheet. The Borg Collective has data for Customers, Suppliers, Items and Orders. A Spreadsheet is adequate for one of these lists of information as an isolated list, however The Borg Collective has several lists, with some of the data repeating and relationships between data in different columns between different lists. Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. When you use a database management system, data can be stored in one place, while being referenced in many different places as would be described later when discussing the different queries, forms and reports we have created for your business. Using a Database Management System, if a customers details changes it only needs to be done once and would automatically update in for instance, the customers invoice, which references it (Manning 2015). Flexibility: Different users can access data in whichever way suits them. Be it a report or a form etc. Information can be queried from the database and looked at using any number of logical views or if they so prefer the physical view can be used right where the data is stored. Scalability: The Borg Collective is only going to grow and a Database would be the only system able to adequately manage a large volume of information. Redundancy: By using a Database Management System, information only needs to be recorded in one place, reducing information redundancy and increasing information reliability. Information integrity: By using combo boxes, the DBMS has been developed to restrict the types and format of data that could be entered and therefor contributing to the integrity of the data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). There are several reasons for using a Relational Database: Minimize Duplicate Data: Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. Using a relational database, data can be updated once across multiple tables. Because we have set this up as a relational database, when for example one supplier ceases trading and gets deleted from one table, corresponding deletions will be prompted and occur in other tables, avoiding data inconsistencies. You wouldve probably found that lots of time is spent entering the same data into different spreadsheets. Using a relational database would considerably cut down on the amount of data entry and therefor also reduce room for error (Manning 2015). Faster data entry: Setting up a relational database we were able to provide you with forms which makes data entry faster and easier than using a spreadsheet Options for viewing and sorting: Using a relational database, you can view the data by querying it out into forms or reports, which can be saved to use over and over. Security: If you should choose to, this database can be encrypted and password protected. Several users: As your business grows, you might want to be able to have more than one user working in the database. This would be possible using the Relational Database Klingon has set-up for The Borg Collective (Beskeen et al. 2014). A database query is a way to get particular information out into a logical view. This way you would not need to scroll through long lists of data in different columns and different tables. The query gets only the required information out and displays it for your convenience in a new table (Beskeen et al. 2014). Five queries have been created for The Borg Collective. These queries can be run to display the information required as follows. The query labelled Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only items ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals. Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only iKlingon has created two forms which you could use. A database form can be filled out on-screen and is an easy way to enter and edit data and navigate between records (Beskeen et al. 2014). The Late Orders Form will display order details stored in the Database Management System. It would also display the customers age in whole years and show a calculated dispatch delay in whole days. The Supplier Items Form will allow you to view the supplier records individually. It also has a sub-form for viewing item details of items sold by that Supplier. A report is the best way to print data from your database. It provides many formatting, layout and summary options. It is possible to apply different fonts and colours and add images (Beskeen et al. 2014). Klingon has used this option to create your invoices, which displays The Borg Collectives logo as well as payment details, current date, order details and order total. This presentation has outlined the process which was taken to develop a Database Management System for the Borg Collective. Detailed explanations have been given on what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and specifically why this was the best option for The Borg Collective. Queries, Forms and Reports have been defined as well as described why they were developed for The Borg Collective and what their purposes and benefits will be in the business. It is the sincere hope of myself, representing Klingon Systems, that the Database created would be of great benefit to The Borg Collective and that it would streamline processes, while aiding your business processes to run more efficiently. tems ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals.

Role of the Police in Community Policing

Role of the Police in Community Policing Abstract Traditionally, law enforcement is called after a crime has already occurred. Law enforcement is designed to respond to emergency calls requiring a quick response, place criminals under arrest, conduct and follow-up on investigations, as well as routine neighborhood checks. When discussing community-oriented policing (COP), there is a broader police focus which is the prevention of crime and disorder. COP requires a more strategic approach to working in the community as the community and the Police are encouraged to come together and form a partnership in which both (community members and police) share a common goal of making the community safer. This paper is going to discuss the role of the police in community policing such as how and why community policing was developed, the role of the COP officer and how the COP officer and community can work together to make COP effective. The Role of the Police in Community Policing The concept of policing has been in existence for many years. The police are expected to perform many community duties that in the past were the responsibility of the local citizen such as: keeping the peace, handling emergency services, dealing with family problems, and helping during civil emergencies. But now police officers are called in to solve these social problems that citizens create. Due to this role conflict, more departments are adopting new models of policing that reflect this changing role. What is community policing? Community policing is a working relationship, between the police and local residents, with the mission to make the neighborhood a safer and better environment to live in and increase trust in the police (http://www.cops.usdoj.gov). By forming this relationship, the community and police work together on goals such as reducing crime in the neighborhood, reducing fear of crime and improving the quality of life in the community. With the cooperation of both the police and the community, community policing identifies problems of crime and chaos and then involve the community in finding solutions to reduce such and make the community and a better, safer neighborhood to live. Community policing goes beyond traditional policing as the police are no longer the sole protectors of the law and social order as all members of the community take an active part in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing can be defined as the collaboration between the police and the community (residents) in which together they can identify and solve community issues. Together the residents and the police can encourage active citizen involvement in policing efforts, focus on issues of ongoing public concern, provide continuity of service to the community, develop, strengthen and/or build groups and organizations so residents can advocate for their own interests (www.cops.usdoj.gov). Although, community oriented policing is a partnership between the police and the community members, the police play a major role as the police officer is the foundation of community-oriented policing (Oliver, 2008). The officer’s goal/purpose is to educate the public about its local police department, maintain or increase public confidence and trust in law enforcement, decrease fear of crime, listening to and addressing citizen concerns, and implementing community programs together with community members in an effort to solve problems. Community oriented policing is also intended to encourage community participation and involvement. The values of community policing include developing lasting community partnerships and problem solving in collaboration with the community along with organizational change within the police department. Instead of only riding through the community responding to calls, some police departments have implemented community policing as a more collaborative approach with the community members in an effort to have better problem solving for the police and teach the citizens ways to better prepare, identify and prevent crime and fear of crime in the community. The police can play an active role in the COP by taking the lead in making sure the community safe. It is believed that if the police demonstrate an interest in the community, they will generate a better response from the community response as the citizens will look at the police more as allies rather than enemies. Below are ways that the police can demonstrate their concern for the community while building trust from the community members. In order for COP to be effective the following partnership tactics must work efficiently: Routine Patrol Routine patrol, whether on foot, car, or horseback, should be part of community outreach strategies to increase police visibility in an effort to reduce fear of crime or as a prevention measure for crime-reduction in a particular hot-spot neighborhood. This will also give the opportunity for the community members and officers to become more familiar with each other and also allow the police to have better insight of the community needs regarding crime deterrence. Information Sharing/Ongoing Communication p94 Community policing advocates for a consistent flow of information between law enforcement and the community, regarding potentially effective solutions to crime and disorder problems and various crime trends and patterns. As a result of sharing information, the police can be more proactive and focused on developing long term solutions to the citizen’s concerns rather than be reactive and wait until they are called to determine how to rectify a known problem Crime Prevention Programs The main objective of community crime prevention is to be proactive and bring awareness to community members/groups that may be a potential target for crime as well as open the lines of communication between the police and the community (Oliver, 2008). In most of the community crime prevention programs, the police facilitate the program, however needs the support of the community to support and participate in the programs in order for the program to be effective and successful. Social control The goal of social control is for the police and community to collaborate and work toward maintaining, enhancing, and restoring social control over the entire community. It is thought that if community members have an attachment or are dedicated to making the community a better and safer place, people would less likely commit a crime than those individuals who are lacking in one or more areas. The above programs should be utilized based on the community members’ needs and their perceptions of the local problems (Oliver, 2008). Whether implemented on their own or with the assistance of the police, the above mentioned programs must be created, implemented, and maintained with the assistance and cooperation of the community in order to remain relevant. In conclusion, Community oriented policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows police and community residents to work closely together in new ways to solve the problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorders, and neighborhood deterioration. Community-oriented policing is beneficial not only to the community and the police department but also the police officer (Oliver, 2008). References COPS: Community Oriented Policing Services (nd). Community Policing Defined. Retrieved on February 2, 2014 from http:// www.cops.usdoj.gov Oliver, W. (2008). Community-Oriented Policing. A Systemic Approach to Policing (4th Ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

The Pioneers and Cars Essay -- American History Asians Essays

The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans' love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete with the much more powerful Detroit muscle cars. This resulted in a street-racing scene consisting solely of modified imports. But a lack of aftermarket parts to make the various Toyotas Hondas and Nissans go faster meant that drivers often used nitrous oxide as the best way to compete. As the competition increased, so did the speed and danger. One Asian American who had a vision to race safely also wanted to race at the local drag strip. Unfortunately the track was only reserved for V8's, Mustangs, or Cameros. Frank Choi set out to form an imports only drag race where the track turned away all the muscle cars. His vision became what is now called the Battle of the Imports, one of the most popular drag series and the first of which was started in 1990. Today there is a professional drag racing series by the National Hot Rod Association as well as the Nopi Drag Racing Association run by an aftermarket company out of Atlanta called Nopi. Some of the best and most popular import ... ...t is known today as the import culture or import scene. It is a set of people who challenged the norms and did what couldn't be done. Nobody thought a front wheel drive car could do the quarter mile in 11 seconds, 10 seconds, 9 seconds and then, 8 seconds. Today front wheel drive drag cars can do 8 second passes. I look to them for inspiration for what I would like my car to be in the future. I hope that I can achieve as much as they have done as the underdog, as an entrepreneur, and doing what they most loved. In an import world dominated by Asian Americans, the scene today has no color lines. It began from Asian American culture's love for cars and wanting to race to proving you don't need a V8 to be fast. As time goes by, the industry will grow and cars will get even faster. Props to the pioneers that wouldn't be denied the chance to do what they love. The Pioneers and Cars Essay -- American History Asians Essays The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans' love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete with the much more powerful Detroit muscle cars. This resulted in a street-racing scene consisting solely of modified imports. But a lack of aftermarket parts to make the various Toyotas Hondas and Nissans go faster meant that drivers often used nitrous oxide as the best way to compete. As the competition increased, so did the speed and danger. One Asian American who had a vision to race safely also wanted to race at the local drag strip. Unfortunately the track was only reserved for V8's, Mustangs, or Cameros. Frank Choi set out to form an imports only drag race where the track turned away all the muscle cars. His vision became what is now called the Battle of the Imports, one of the most popular drag series and the first of which was started in 1990. Today there is a professional drag racing series by the National Hot Rod Association as well as the Nopi Drag Racing Association run by an aftermarket company out of Atlanta called Nopi. Some of the best and most popular import ... ...t is known today as the import culture or import scene. It is a set of people who challenged the norms and did what couldn't be done. Nobody thought a front wheel drive car could do the quarter mile in 11 seconds, 10 seconds, 9 seconds and then, 8 seconds. Today front wheel drive drag cars can do 8 second passes. I look to them for inspiration for what I would like my car to be in the future. I hope that I can achieve as much as they have done as the underdog, as an entrepreneur, and doing what they most loved. In an import world dominated by Asian Americans, the scene today has no color lines. It began from Asian American culture's love for cars and wanting to race to proving you don't need a V8 to be fast. As time goes by, the industry will grow and cars will get even faster. Props to the pioneers that wouldn't be denied the chance to do what they love.

The Use of Laughter in Poetry by Langston Hughes Essay -- Biography Bi

The Use of Laughter in Poetry by Langston Hughes Jessie Fauset explains in her essay The Gift of Laughter that black comedy developed not as a method for blacks to make people laugh, but as a necessary emotional outlet for black people to express their struggles and hardships. The "funny man" took on a much more serious emotion than appeared on the surface level. Comedy was one of the few means black people had available to them to express themselves. The paradoxical definition of laughter is applicable to all human beings; the limited means of expression is unique to those in an inferior place in society, such as the black Americans of the Harlem Renaissance. In a sense, what makes the struggles represented by the black comedian comic is the white audience member's ability "to retain mastery over himself and the situation" (Swabey 184). The white audience can laugh at the struggles and hardships on stage because of their refusal to accept the role they have played in the oppressions that caused them. Marie Collins Swabe y also writes in her book Comic Laughter that "By uncovering neglected hypocrisies, illusions, vanities, and deceptions in the behavior of persons and societies...while making us laugh, also removes in part our blindness with regard to certain factual and moral weaknesses in mankind" (11). Generally speaking, comedy makes us aware of certain character flaws. Fauset entertains this idea in her essay by wondering, "...if this picture of the black American as a living comic supplement has not been painted in order to camouflage the real feeling and knowledge of his white compatriot" (161). Whether or not the black comedy of the Harlem Renaissance caused an epiphany for the white audience is not cl... ...nd His Continuing Influence. Ed. C. James Trotman. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1995. 119-129. Phelps, Thomas C. "An Introduction to Arnold Rampersad." Langston Hughes: The Man, His Art, and His Continuing Influence. Ed. C. James Trotman. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1995. 19-34. Rampersad, Arnold, ed., and David Roessell, assoc. ed. The Collected Poems ofLangston Hughes. New York: Vintage Books, 1994. Simpson, J.A., and E.S.C. Weiner, eds. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd Edition. Vol. VIII. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. Swabey, Marie Collins. Comic Laughter. Archon Books, 1970. Tracy, Stephen C. "Langston Hughes: Poetry, Blues, and Gospel--Somewhere to Stand." Trotman, C. James, ed. Langston Hughes: TheMan, His Art, and His Continuing Influence. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1995: 51-61.